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Sains Malaysiana 53(7)(2024): 1493-1508
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-02
Before It Is Too Late: Current Genetic Diversity Status of
the Exploited Sandfish Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
(Sebelum Terlambat: Status Semasa Kepelbagaian Genetik Holothuria scabra Gamat yang Dieksploitasi (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
KHOR WAIHO1,2,3,4,*,
HANAFIAH FAZHAN1,2,3,4, YUSHINTA FUJAYA5, ALEXANDER CHONG
SHU-CHIEN2,7,8, MUHAMMAD FATRATULLAH MUHSIN1,6, SURIYAN
TUNKIJJANUKIJ3 & NURUL HAYATI1
1Higher Institution Centre of
Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture
and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030
Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
2Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
3Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
4STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University,
Shantou, Guangdong, China
5Faculty of Marine Science and
Fishery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South
Sulawesi, Indonesia
6Faculty of Vocational, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
7School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800
Minden, Penang, Malaysia
8Northland Aquaculture Centre,
National Institute of Water and Atmoshpheric Research, Ruakaka, New Zealand
Received: 21 November 2023/Accepted: 7 June 2024
Abstract
The sandfish Holothuria scabra is a well exploited and among the
highest-valued sea cucumber species. Owing to its economic importance and the
global expansion of sea cucumber fisheries that could lead to overfishing, the
aquaculture of H. scabra is increasing rapidly. To aid in resource management and providing sufficient
molecular information to inform the selection of sea cucumber broodstock to be incorporated into aquaculture, sufficient
knowledge on their genetic diversity is among the pre-requisite. Therefore,
this review synthesized together the currently available information on genetic
diversity of H. scabra in a global scale, thereby highlighting the lack of genetic baseline of H. scabra in
some populations. The implications and importance of the availability of
genetic baseline data to restocking and sea ranching, fisheries, and
aquaculture of H. scabra are discussed. Finally, future directions, including the development of
full genome, the use of other sequencing technologies, and the impact of
climate change onto H. scabra are provided.
Keywords: Genetic diversity; Holothuria; sandfish; sustainable
resource management
Abstrak
Holothuria scabra adalah sejenis spesies gamat yang dieksploitasi dengan meluas dan bernilai tinggi. Aktiviti akuakultur bagi H. scabra telah meningkat dengan pesat disebabkan nilai pasaran dan pengembangan global perikanan gamat yang boleh menyebabkan penangkapan secara berlebihan. Bagi membantu dalam pengurusan sumber dan penyediaan maklumat berkaitan molekul gamat yang lengkap untuk pemilihan stok induk gamat yang digunakan ke dalam penternakan akuakultur, pengetahuan yang mencukupi tentang kepelbagaian genetik mereka adalah antara prasyarat yang perlu dipenuhi. Oleh yang demikian, penulisan ini merupakan rumusan yang menyediakan maklumat terkumpul mengenai kepelbagaian genetik H. scabra dalam skala global, sekali gus menunjukkan kekurangan garis asas genetik H. scabra dalam sesetengah populasi. Ia turut mengetengahkan implikasi dan kepentingan ketersediaan data asas genetik kepada penternakan semula dan penternakan laut, perikanan dan akuakultur H. scabra. Kesimpulannya, perbincangan berkenaan hala tuju masa hadapan, termasuk pembangunan genom keseluruhan, penggunaan teknologi penjujukan lain dan kesan perubahan iklim ke atas H. scabradengan ini diberikan.
Kata kunci: Gamat; Holothuria; kepelbagaian genetik; pengurusan sumber mampan
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*Corresponding author; email:
waiho@umt.edu.my
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